Impact of zoning-based on architectural designs towards affordability accommodation for the urban poor in Kigali city of Rwanda

Physical Sciences and Engineering, RUFSO Journal Articles, RUFSO JSSE Volume :21 / By

In Africa, the linkages between zoning planning and affordable housing have not been adequately assessed. In scenarios where zoning system has been enforced for a long time, such as in the United States, it has been often labelled as exclusionary due to how it limits the poor to access housing. With zoning being at the heart of the current planning system in Rwanda, this research aims at examining these linkages in an emerging urban setting such as Kigali city. This study employed a mixed-method approach to assess how the master plan and zoning requirements affect housing cost and the ease of accessing housing for low-income households. Results reveal a total house supply gap to 30,000 units between 2012-2020 of which more than half is affordable housing. While zoning code requires the use of primarily imported materials which increases the cost of housing, more than 70 per cent of residents earn too minimal income to qualify for traditional mortgage loans. Therefore, the case of Kigali city emphasizes the mismatch between zoning assumptions and underlying social and economic conditions. Moreover, the euphoria to meet master plan objectives encourages the conversion of prevalent informal settlements into high-end market neighborhoods overlooking the negative impact on affordable housing. This study suggests the relaxation of zoning regulations for certain income thresholds, re-defining affordability to match the local context and generating housing affordability indexes regularly to inform the government’s urban housing strategies.

Use of Technology in English Language Learning. A Case of G.S Bushenge – Nyamasheke District – Rwanda

RUFSO Journal Articles, RUFSO JSSE Volume :21 / By

This study focused on the use of technology in learning the English language at G.S Bushenge, a school located in Nyamasheke district, western province of Rwanda. The aim was to answer research questions regarding the use of computers and projectors on student performance in English learning, the extent to which mobile learning plays a key role in student performance and identifying the impacts of classroom technology tools on students’ performance in the study area. The study adopted a mixed research method (qualitative and quantitative) in which participants comprising teachers, principals and students, or 78 participants in total, were randomly and purposely selected in GS Bushenge located in Nyamasheke district, Rwanda. Study data was generated through semistructured interviews and questionnaires, and analysis was performed with generated tables and graphs showing the results.The study yielded results, showing that 78 (100%) agree that at G.S Bushenge there are technological tools such as computers and phones. In addition, 78 (100%) proclaimed the absence of a projector stating that classroom technology tools (like computers and telephones) are needed in the delivery of the lesson. No less than 78 (100%) indicated that they were important and had positive effects on students and teachers. In addition, 3 (100%) teachers and head of school show that everything in an exaggerated way has negative effects, which is the reason why this is the reason why we mention the high cost of technological tools, passivity of learners, creation of distraction, provision of erroneous information on the Internet as negative impacts in use of technological tools in the classroom. Finally, the researcher made recommendations for students to be eager to copy with technology and use it for educational purposes. Teachers were also recommended to deal with disruptive student behavior. The government should help teachers acquire their own technological tools and train them in their use in education.

Contribution de l’enseignement à distance au développement socioéconomique de l’Afrique de l’OUEST des années 2017-2020

RUFSO Journal Articles, RUFSO JSSE Volume :21 / By

Introduction Apparues dans la dernière moitié des années 1990 en Afrique, les formations ouvertes et à distance ne cessent de s’y développer (Depover et Orivel, 2012). En dépit des lacunes techniques, socioéconomiques et pédagogiques qui leur sont caractéristiques, États et universités de l’Afrique de l’Ouest s’intéressent à promouvoir ces modes de formation de troisième génération (Tonye, …

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Muslims’ In Business: Case Study Of Burkina Faso Muslim

RUFSO Journal Articles, RUFSO JSSE Volume :21 / By

The first fear during the 19th century period focused on the disintegration of moral values embedded in the development of capitalism and the pressure for accumulation and commoditization, Islamic thought had to describe “societies” functioning in its inner logic. Changing a society needs to view it as a social device and to understand its logic. With modern economy, new questions are posed such as: Are Muslims ready to face globalization and maintain their faith? Muslims in doing business are they swallowed by commercialism? Are Muslim obliged to act in business without thinking their acts, either they are halal or haram? Raison why Islamic finance is key sector in Islamic economy. In order to conduct as well as possible this research different methods and techniques are used such as interviews, meetings, discussions, and seminaries as focus group with some personalities involved in Islamic finance industry. From these investigations we found that some of Islamic finance products are known in Burkina Faso and some are proposed by the only one Islamic finance institution that is Coris Bank Baraka. It’s possible to distinguish two categories of financing techniques: those that are based on a participatory financing (Mudhâraba and Musharaka) and those based on an asset (Murabaha and Ijara). The Islamic financial industries products are suitable, it seems that the concept of free interest and respectful of the religion are important for consumers. Islamic finance windows and Islamic bank can conduct successfully shari’ah compliant products according the regulator (BCEAO), the literature review, and most of the leaders, we met in Burkina Faso.

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